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1. Comparison of passive architectural design with other related architectural forms
Although passive buildings have been designed and constructed on the basis of energy conservation and environmental protection in essence, there are also great links and differences between these architectural forms. Among them, green buildings pay more attention to the relationship between buildings and the environment. The most prominent architectural design concept is “four sections and one environmental protection”, which is energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection. Since the end of the last century, after the United Nations Conference on Environmental Development was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Chinese government has promulgated many relevant regulations, guidelines, and outlines, which have greatly promoted the development and application of green buildings.
In the design of ecological buildings, there are different requirements. Buildings must have the performance and function of sustainable development, comfort and practicality, self-cleaning and self-cleaning, energy saving and consumption reduction. In terms of construction measures, renewable resources such as bioenergy, wind energy and solar energy should be applied, and materials with high recyclability and high ecological value should be selected. At the same time, the corresponding processes and technical means should be utilized to achieve all aspects of the ecological building form. This type of building emphasizes the environment of the building and its surroundings, while focusing on the creation of a good indoor environment to ensure that the user can maintain a satisfactory level of comfort. In this way, the building provides a good communication bridge between human activities and the ecological environment, thereby improving the humane care and humanization of the building.
2. Passive buildings and their design strategies
Passive buildings were first produced in Germany, specifically referring to the construction of houses using closed structures, and the selection of insulated building components as basic building materials. This type of building does not require the installation of traditional air systems and heating systems. It maintains a comfortable feel throughout the year and the building's energy consumption is very low. The emergence and development of this type of building has had a great impact on the world of construction, and has gradually formed a building standard and lifestyle that is low in energy consumption, comfortable and healthy.
As early as the end of the 20th century, Dr. Feist of the German Institute of Architects first proposed the concept of passive architecture. In the concept of the time, Dr. Feist believes that this type of building can maintain indoor and comfortable temperature conditions in winter and summer, and does not require the installation of air conditioning and heating equipment. In passive buildings, the core standard is to ensure energy consumption within 15kw·h/m2 per year, that is, when the temperature is between 22°C and 26°C, the annual consumption of heating and heating cannot exceed 15°/ M2. The annual primary energy consumption of household electricity, domestic hot water, and heating and cooling should be controlled below 120 kw·h/m2 per year. At the same time, its air tightness n50 should be kept within 0.6/h.
In passive buildings, there are high demands on building components. Materials should be insulated, heat-insulated, and high-performance. Windows should be insulated and insulated. To prevent the occurrence of thermal bridges, the building envelope should have high airtight performance and a new air system capable of efficiently recovering heat. In this type of building form, heat loss should be minimized. At the same time, the solar radiation should be fully utilized, so that the electric energy used to generate heat is less than 15kw·h/m2 per year.
The above is the comparison of passive architectural design with other related architectural forms. With the continuous development and deepening of the concept of energy saving and emission reduction, in the field of construction in China, the energy conservation requirements for buildings are also getting higher and higher. In recent years, with the continuous improvement and improvement of passive building technology and technology, and the urgent need for passive buildings in China, there have been some passive buildings in many economically developed areas.
